Two-factor authentication using Two-Step Login (Duo) is required for access to the login nodes on IU research supercomputers, and for SCP and SFTP file transfers to those systems. Therefore, you must either be able to log into the remote system with an established account username and password/passphrase, or have an administrator on the remote system add the public key to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file in your account. You need to be able to transfer your public key to the remote system.This document includes instructions for generating a key pair with command-line SSH on a Linux or macOS computer, and with PuTTY on a Windows computer. The computer you use to connect to the remote server must have a version of SSH installed.If the remote system is using a different version of SSH (for example, Tectia SSH), the process outlined below may not be correct. The information in this document assumes the remote system uses OpenSSH. The remote system must have a version of SSH installed.Conceivably, you can share the public key with anyone without compromising the private key you store it on the remote system in a. You keep the private key a secret and store it on the computer you use to connect to the remote system. SSH public key authentication relies on asymmetric cryptographic algorithms that generate a pair of separate keys (a key pair), one "private" and the other "public". Using SSH public key authentication to connect to a remote system is a robust, more secure alternative to logging in with an account password or passphrase. Set up public key authentication using PuTTY on a Windows 11, Windows 10, or Windows 8.x computer.Set up public key authentication using SSH on a Linux or macOS computer.
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It is now time, the authors write, for companies to consider how they can institutionalize a level playing field for all employees, including caregivers of both genders. The vast majority of women anticipated that their careers would rank equally with those of their partners.Going part-time or taking a career break to care for children doesn’t explain the gender gap in senior management.It simply isn’t true that a large proportion of HBS alumnae have “opted out” to care for children.The highly educated, ambitious women and men of HBS don’t differ much in terms of what they value and hope for in their lives and careers. What their comprehensive survey revealed suggests that the conventional wisdom about women’s careers doesn’t always square with reality. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the admission of women to Harvard Business School’s MBA program, the authors, who have spent more than 20 years studying professional women, set out to learn what HBS graduates had to say about work and family and how their experiences, attitudes, and decisions might shed light on prevailing controversies. Its length will determine whether the fired rounds will fly at supersonic or subsonic speeds, so you must choose carefully based on your intended use. The barrel has a lot of factors that affection how accurate and effective your pistol is. Now you understand that while the AR9 and AR-15 look similar, they have significant differences - Let's start selecting the parts to build.īarrel selection is a very important part of the process for building your gun. Nowadays, many 9mm PCCs will use a radial or roller delayed type system, but our AR-9 build kit sticks to direct blowback. This leaves us with a weapon that could potentially recoil a bit harder than other modern systems, but no need to worry about that as there are plenty of work-arounds. However, the reason that you typically only see 9mm SMGs or 9mm PCCs in a direct-blowback type system is because the pressures aren't high enough to actually actuate that kind of piston system. A direct-impingement system like the AR-15 works by re-routing some of that gas further down the barrel, once the bullet passes a gas-port. Pistols typically achieve this by using faster burning powders than rifles, so they have a very quick spike in gas pressure, which rapidly dissipates over longer length barrels. With the 9mm being a pistol cartridge, it's optimized to perform out of short barrels of around three to five inches in length. The short answer is because it doesn't produce the necessary gas pressures to re-direct enough gas to actuate a bolt that way. Used casing is ejected, the bolt moves forward and the new round is chambered. A key on top of the bolt traps the piston/gas and then lets it move the bolt into the buffer. The piston/gas rushes back to the upper receiver and bolt carrier group. Excess gas moves to the gas port through a piston or tube. Powder then burns within the chamber, the accelerators, and the round. The firing pin strikes the primer on the cartridge. The casing is ejected, the bolt moves forward and then a new round is chambered.įor a more comprehensive comparison of theĪR9 vs AR-15, check out previous blog. Kinetic energy then moves the bolt back into the buffer tube. The same gas then forces the casing spent to slam on the bolt within the chamber. Due to the rapid expansion of the gas, the bullet is expelled from the barrel. Powder burns within the firing chamber and then creates a gas. The firing pin comes into contact with the primer found on the 9mm cartridge. The reason for this is that the AR9 makes use of blowback to cycle the bolt. If you have the AR9, take a closer look at its upper receiver, and you'll notice that the gas tube is missing. The two guns work differently and here is how they are not alike: Upon a closer look, they use completely different calibers and parts. If you just focus on the appearance of the two guns in the image above, you will notice that the two pistols have a striking resemblance. What’s the Difference Between AR9 and AR-15? Since it is still utilizes the AR platform, you'll need a 9mm specific buffer system, a new bolt carrier group, and an upper receiver with a barrel chambered in 9mm. All you need at that point is the AR9 upper to complete the ensemble.Ī dedicated AR-9 lower, on the other hand, is unique because it directly accepts Glock-style 9mm magazines. Now, you can buy a 9mm parabellum conversion kit to convert an AR-15 lower receiver to accept 9mm magazines as well. Keep in mind that the AR9 pistol is a 'pistol' because typically the PDW builds are shorter than the federal standard of 16" barrel length - anything shorter than that is classified as a 'SBR' or short barrel rifle unless you use a stabilizing pistol brace. For the quickest "building" experience, simply pair an AR-9 complete upper with an AR lower build to accept 9mm magazines. Most builders will use a 9mm AR pistol kit to to build from scratch. This weapon is the latest variation of the AR-15. Sometimes, the AR9 pistol is spelled as AR-9, but don't pay any mind to the hyphen or lack thereof. We share these details with you so that you don't get stuck as you build your wildest AR9, even a suppressor-friendly one.Īn AR9 pistol is an AR-style carbine rifle that shoots 9mm rounds. You’ll also know more about the 9mm Parabellum's ballistics, AR-9 parts such as the buffer system, twist rate, barrel length and magazine compatibility. Once you're done going through this guide you'll know the difference between an AR-9 and AR-15. As we delve deeper into the details, we'll help you understand what an AR9 pistol is and the main features that it comes with. In this article we've done our best to break down everything you need to know before you build one yourself at home. This is the ultimate AR-9 guide that you can use in 2021 and beyond. CART it is on a separate release cycle than VMware View/Horizon but often coincides with it. The Client software is known as Client Agent Release Train (CART). Ubuntu 12.10 can login to VMware View desktops directly from the login screen. The VMware View client supports Windows, macOS, Android, and Linux, while ChromeOS is able to connect through the web browser. Users establish client connections to VMware View sessions by running the VMware View Client, through a web browser using HTML5, or using a thin client that supports the protocols in use. Windows, Linux, macOS, iOS, Android, ChromeOSĬommercial, Proprietary with Opensource bits VMware Horizon Client VMware Horizon View Client Original author(s) VMware View supports the VMware Blast Extreme, Microsoft RDP, and the Teradici PCoIP protocols. In order to transport the desktop resources to users, keyboard, video, mouse and other interactions travel over a network connection. View Composer, Persona Management, vShield Endpoint, and ThinApp are included in the Premier edition at an MSRP of $250 per concurrent desktop. Enterprise comes with vSphere for Desktops, vCenter Server, and View Manager, and has an MSRP of $150 per concurrent desktop. VMware View has two licensing options, Enterprise and Premier. The bundled hypervisor, vSphere for Desktops, is functionally equivalent to vSphere Enterprise Plus. vShield Endpoint (offloaded desktop antivirus)Īlthough VMware licenses vSphere hypervisor per physical CPU-socket, it licenses VMware View per concurrent desktop.View Persona Management (user profile management).VMware ThinApp (application virtualization).View Client (communication between View and the desktop OS).View Manager (administration of the View Environment).View Composer (advanced View management, with automation and cloning).VMware vCenter Server (management of virtualization environment).VMware vSphere Hypervisor ( ESXi with a vSphere license). VMware Horizon product has a number of components which are required to provide the virtual desktops, including: A desktop operating system - typically Microsoft Windows - runs within a virtual machine on a hypervisor. VMware Horizon provides virtual desktop and app capabilities to users utilizing VMware's virtualization technology. The name was updated to "Horizon View" with the launch of version 6 in April 2014 Īnd is now referred to as "VMware Horizon" to represent desktop and app virtualization. It was first sold under the name VMware VDM, but with the release of version 3.0.0 in 2008 it was changed to "VMware View". VMware Horizon (formerly called Horizon View) is a commercial desktop and app virtualization product developed by VMware, Inc for Microsoft Windows, Linux and macOS operating systems. English, German, French, Japanese, Simplified Chinese, Korean, Traditional Chinese, Spanish The initial gameplay trailer showed off some impressive solo gameplay, but the showcase also displayed tag team moves. The debut gameplay trailer for Gotham Knightsmade it clear that the game will be playable solo or with friends in co-op. Local multiplayer has become progressively uncommon, but it could be a big draw for Gotham Knights at launch. The local aspect would allow players to communicate efficiently, coordinate gameplay strategies, and test out different Bat-Family character combinations with ease. Based on the developer's description, it seems as though the co-op element is taking a drop-in/drop-out approach, which could lend itself nicely to a couch co-op environment. WB Montreal has detailed how the dynamic duo element of the gameplay is key to the experience. Families and friends in co-habiting situations would be able to team together seamlessly to explore what the game has to offer, including the different character combos. By including local co-op support at launch, Gotham Knights could stand to add to its audience. As Covid-19 has forced people to stay inside more on a global scale, local multiplayer options are arguably more relevant than ever. Gamers who live together would understandably like the option of gaming together. Gamers have been spending more time playing online due to the impact of Covid-19, but there is still an audience for the local experience, too. Couch co-op has become a less prominent feature in modern gaming, but there is still a large audience for it. Eschewing a local cooperative mode, however, could detract from the game's potential audience. This is especially important as the Covid-19 pandemic continues, and gamers might feel more comfortable engaging in multiplayer in an online capacity. Understandably, online play might take precedence over local, considering the enduring popularity of online multiplayer games. RELATED: Gotham Knights Has a Lot of Questions to Answer at DC FanDome 2021Īs cooperative gameplay in Gotham Knights has been confirmed in some capacity, it could be a missed opportunity for it not to be supported locally. While this would undoubtedly take a lot of hard work to execute regardless of player count, the foundations for it seem to be in place already. Supporting local multiplayer with two players is in line with the game's focus on co-op gameplay, and it would be less of an ordeal to implement than four players. Implementing a co-op mode to feature all four Gotham Knights protagonists could be chaotic for a local setting, but this is an advantage of the two-player design philosophy. Two-player gameplay in a local setting could be manageable for Gotham Knights. With an online co-op mode being developed and a constant online state being unnecessary, it feels as though the building blocks for local multiplayer could already be in place. Gotham Knights is said to be fully playable solo or in co-op, and there is no requirement for a constant internet connection. Interestingly, the game has been developed with two-player co-op specifically, despite there being four playable characters. WB Montreal has stated that Gotham Knights has been designed with co-op in mind. RELATED: Gotham Knights Official Key Art Revealed Gotham Knights Has Been Designed for Two-Player Co-Op The developer has stated it won't support local multiplayer, but there are several reasons why the team should consider it. While it could be unlikely to happen, some fans have been hoping that WB Montreal will add local multiplayer. Gotham Knights won't be released until 2022, meaning that there is probably a chunk of development left to be completed for the game. FanDome begins on October 16, and DC fans will hopefully have their questions answered about the company's upcoming projects throughout the event. Gamers will have more information about the new Batman-adjacent game soon, as Gotham Knights is confirmed to appear at DC FanDome. While it's unclear if the developer would consider adding support for the co-op mode to be played locally, there is a case for it to happen. Unfortunately, the co-op mode will be limited to online play only. The good news is that the developer, WB Montreal, is working on a cooperative multiplayer element for the game. Gotham Knights has an opportunity to highlight some of Batman's greatest companions in an adventure of their own. The game is set to focus on the Bat-Family, Nightwing, Robin, Batgirl, and Red Hood, after Batman's demise. Gotham Knights is set to be the next big Batman-related game from DC. – It is recommended to turn off your antivirus as some files get detected as false positive. Windows Key + R and type (steam://install/480). Read this repacks troubleshooting guide General Notes: Valve T-Shirt Pack a.k.a.Team Fortress pack.Included DLCs (Limited Edition, DE has less, no Experience Boosters) virtual) required for installing this repack Use “Language Selector.exe” in “DE” and/or “LE” folders to change the game language.HDD space after installation: up to 28 GB (when both versions are installed).After-install integrity check so you could make sure that everything installed properly.Installation takes ~10-15 minutes for DE alone (depending on your system) + additional 7-10 minutes for Limited Edition.Significantly smaller archive size (compressed from cumulative 24.6 to 5.7/9.7 GB, depending on selected components).Selective Download feature: you can skip downloading and installing of Limited Edition.100% Lossless & MD5 Perfect: all files are identical to originals after installation.Game versions are: Update 1 for DE v44 for LE All DLCs for respective versions are included and activated..Update.1.and.Crack-3DM applied over DE.Based on two releases: SDDE Steam version (16.6 GB) and 44. (7.9 GB).Sound Card: DirectX compatible sound cardġ) Download the game using a Torrent program or Direct programĢ) After downloading the game, go to the downloaded game folderģ) Extract the files with WinRar or 7-ZipĤ) Now start the installation with ” Setup.exe “, choose the directory to installĥ) Wait until the installation is completeĦ) Now just start the game as an administrator with the shortcut that was created on the desktopĪTTENTION! The minimum size of the repack is just 5.7 GB (Definitive Edition alone), read repack features for details.Graphics: DirectX 10 or 11 compatible card, ATI Radeon 3870 or higher, NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GT or higher with 512MB graphics memory, Intel HD Graphics 2500 or higher.Processor: Core 2 Duo 2.4GHz or Athlon X2 2.7GHz.OS: Windows Vista 64bit, Window 7 64bit, Windows 8 64bit (32bit O/S not supported).With all previously available DLC included and a wealth of tech and visual improvements, Hong Kong has never felt so alive. Continued abuse of our services will cause your IP address to be blocked indefinitely.The Definitive Edition of the critically acclaimed, award winning open-world action adventure, reworked, rebuilt and re-mastered for the new generation. Please fill out the CAPTCHA below and then click the button to indicate that you agree to these terms. If you wish to be unblocked, you must agree that you will take immediate steps to rectify this issue. If you do not understand what is causing this behavior, please contact us here. If you promise to stop (by clicking the Agree button below), we'll unblock your connection for now, but we will immediately re-block it if we detect additional bad behavior. 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The Panama City center, which boasts the second largest indoor pool in America, was the perfect place to recruit the best, and most taciturn, graduates of the diving school who successfully did last summer what they had been authorized to do 260 feet under the surface of the Baltic Sea. The center has been training highly skilled deep-water divers for decades who, once assigned to American military units worldwide, are capable of technical diving to do the good-using C4 explosives to clear harbors and beaches of debris and unexploded ordnance-as well as the bad, like blowing up foreign oil rigs, fouling intake valves for undersea power plants, destroying locks on crucial shipping canals. A coin-operated laundromat and a dance school are across what is now a four-lane road. The center’s complex is as nondescript as its location-a drab concrete post-World War II structure that has the look of a vocational high school on the west side of Chicago. Navy’s Diving and Salvage Center can be found in a location as obscure as its name-down what was once a country lane in rural Panama City, a now-booming resort city in the southwestern panhandle of Florida, 70 miles south of the Alabama border. He blows into it, which creates a stream of flowers which take them back to their hut, and also melting the snow and ice on the island, returning it to its normal state.The U.S. Meanwhile, Lord Fredrik's horn falls from the sky in front of Donkey Kong. Lord Fredrik crashes into a lot of the Snowmad's ships in the ocean, destroying the clan in the process. After a large battle, Donkey Kong gets the final hit and punches Lord Fredrik out of the volcano, destroying the leader ship in the process. The Kong family enters the frozen volcano and encounter Lord Fredrik, the leader of the Snowmad tribe. Meanwhile, the Kong family is continually making their way over five other islands before reaching their home island, which is now home to the Snowmad tribe. The ice dragon flies around Donkey Kong Island, and covers it in snow and ice, while also changing the weather to continuous snowfall. The leader ship of the Snowmad tribe flies and perches itself on top of the area where the volcano used to be. The ice dragon gets closer and the powerful winds blow the Kong family away onto the Lost Mangroves. Donkey Kong looks out of the window in frustration and goes outside, along with Diddy, Dixie and Cranky. Back on DK Island, Donkey Kong is about to blow out his candle when a mysterious snowflake appears and puts out the candle itself. The leader blows into it, causing lots of wind to emerge as well as an ice dragon. Some of the tribe grabs a large horn and gives it to the leader. He reports his find to the leader of the tribe, who is silhouetted in a dark shadow. A Pointy Tuck is looking through a telescope when he sees Donkey Kong Island in the distance. While this is happening, a party balloon flies out of the hut and onto the ocean, where a lot of Snowmad ships are lurking. The game starts with the Kong family in DK's hut, where they are celebrating DK's birthday. The Kongs also have to explore several other islands in order to get back to their home and take it back. The game involves Donkey Kong, Diddy Kong, Dixie Kong and Cranky Kong trying to take back Donkey Kong Island, which has been invaded and taken over by the Snowmads, a tribe of arctic vikings who leave snow and ice wherever they go. Donkey Kong Country: Tropical Freeze is a platform game developed on Februby Retro Studios. "The Web’s Creator Looks to Reinvent It”, New York Times, 7 World wide web, has some regrets, Vanity Fair, 1 July “I was devastated”: Tim Berners-Lee, the man who created the We Can Fix It, Time Magazine, 12 March 2019 World wide web founder scales up efforts to reshape Proposal for a global hypertext project at CERN (1989)Īccess, BBC "Rethink" podcast, 24 June 2020 World-Wide Computer Communications of the ACM, States House of Representatives Committee on Energy andĬommerce Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet.Īnd the Future Keynote, SpeechTek New York,Ĭommemorative lecture on the universality of the Web "The Great Unveiling" in Long Beach, CA, USA, 4 February Neutrality Scientific American Noverber 2010 Long Live the Web: A Call for Continued Open Standards and The many meanings of Open, Telefonica, 2013īerners-Lee on the Web at 25: the past, present and Join us and fight for it, The World Wide WebĬhallenges for the web, according to its inventor, The On, what’s next #ForTheWeb?, The World Wide Web Foundation, Where Does the World Wide Web Go From Here?, Wired, 3 Web needs to work for women and girls, The World Wide Web Should be a universal right, The Guardian, 4 June Tim Berners-Lee thinks the world can be better afterĬovid-19 makes it clearer than ever: access to the internet We Need to Change How We Share Our Personal Data Online in theĪge of COVID-19, Time magazine, 15 July 2020 Web - A Mid-Course Correction," The Richard Dimbleby Identity on Wikipedia Timbl Talks, articles, interviews, ( Longer biography) Contact Email: Chief of Staff PGP fingerprint 4D4B 9D1D C032 0710 3CDC DE0B 344D 9666 1177 9EE7 PGP Key Address W3C/MIT/CSAIL 32 Vassar Street In September 2022, he won the Seoul Peace Prize for his work promoting data sovereignty and leading the movement to “decentralize” the web dominated by tech giants. Most prestigious awards in Computer Science. The Turing Prize,Ĭalled the "Nobel Prize of Computing" is considered one of the Wide Web, the first web browser, and the fundamental protocolsĪnd algorithms allowing the Web to scale. On 4 April 2017, Sir Tim was awarded the ACM A.M. Time fighting for rights such as net neutrality, privacy and the Sir Tim has promoted open government data globally and spends Kahn, Louis Pouzin and Marc Andreesen, was awarded the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineeringįor "ground-breaking innovation in engineering that has been of On March 18 2013, Sir Tim, along with Vinton Cerf, Robert In 2009 he was elected a foreign associate of the Queen Elizabeth and in 2007 he was awarded the Technology Prize and Germany's Die Quadriga award. Prize, the Prince of Asturias Foundation Prize, the Millennium The recipient of several international awards including the Japan In 2001 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society. He is President of and founded the Open Data Institute in London. The success of the Solid platform and its open source community,Īnd to build the ecosystem that supports it.Ĭomputer Science Department at the University of Oxford, UK. The co-founder and CTO of inrupt, the company launched to ensure Information Group, works on the Solid Project to give peopleĬontrol of their own data and to re-decentralize the Web. Of Engineering with a joint appointment in the Department ofĮlectrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Laboratory forĬomputer Science and Artificial Intelligence ( CSAIL) at the Massachusetts Institute He is the 3Com Founders Professor of Engineering in the School HTML were refined as Web technology spread. He wrote the first webĬlient and server in 1990. To further the potential of the Web to benefit humanity.Ī graduate of Oxford University, Sir Tim invented the Web He is a Director of theįoundation which was launched in 2009 to coordinate efforts Technologies (specifications, guidelines, software, and tools) to Organization founded in 1994 which develops interoperable Sir Tim is the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium Large amounts of data, private, shared, and public. Toward a world in which users are in control, and empowered by Movement away from much of the issues with the current WWW, and Universal access control, and a universal data API so that anyĪpp can store data in any storage place. Never put into the original spec, such as global single sign-on, Solid technically is a new level of standard at the web layer, which adds things People control and agency over their data, questioning manyĪssumptions about how the web has to work. Promotes and helps develop the open source Solid platform. He is the co-founder and CTO of, a tech start-up which uses, Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. Naomi Campbell Cover Model by Steven Meisel AlgernonsJourney (51) 80. The memorabilia also includes Biggie's itinerary for his west coast trip as well as the party's invitation. Staying true to their vibe, though, they only sell the highest quality vintage. the son of the record executive is unloading the poster and the asking price is a cool $54k. He was pronounced dead at 1:15 A.M.įast-forward to the present. But, just hours later - after the party was shut down at 12:35 AM by fire marshals citing overcrowding - Biggie was shot 4 times in a drive-by while at a red light on Fairfax and Wilshire Blvds. We're told a record executive brought the poster with him that night and had Biggie and Puffy sign it. The publication predominantly features R&B and hip hop music artists, actors and other entertainers. It was signed at an industry party hosted by Quincy Jones' Vibe magazine on March 8, 1997, at the Petersen Automotive Museum in L.A. Tools Vibe is an American music and entertainment magazine founded by producers David Salzman and Quincy Jones. The magazine was initially released in fall of 2004 and sales were considered successful enough for the magazine to be issued on a quarterly basis. Thomas held positions as Founder and Editorial Director of the men's lifestyle guide, KING. VIBE Vixen was a magazine geared towards female readers of Vibe Magazine that covered fashion, beauty, dating, entertainment, and societal issues for 'urban minded females'. The folks over at Moments in Time are brokering the sale of this 2-foot by 3-foot poster of the iconic September 1996 Vibe magazine cover. Datwon Thomas is the Editor-In-Chief of VIBE Magazine and Vice President of Cultural Media for MRC. NEW YORK, J/PRNewswire/ - VIBE, Chase Sapphire and SHE Media today launched VIBE Voices of the Year, a 3-month digital campaign across VIBE and SHE Media that will shine a much. It explores the relationship between Mase, an African-American male rap star, and the three anonymous African-American female models that surround him. and Puff Daddy on the night Biggie was tragically gunned down. Got the itch for some old school hip-hop vibes? Ya better be rich 'cause that's what it'll take to land this Vibe poster. Indeed, Seventh Generation’s reputation as a plant-based, environmentally-friendly, health-friendly company has gained the trust of many thoughtful consumers. It’s easy to find –the ubiquitous formula is sold in nearly every supermarket and big box store alongside the more traditional brands. If you suffer from skin irritation, there are enough potential problems here to prompt looking elsewhere.įor anybody searching for a more “natural” laundry detergent, Seventh Generation Free & Clear is a simple choice. It's the inclusion of known allergens and potential carcinogens should make you think twice before buying. In addition, we appreciate the lack of fragrances and dyes in the formula and the company's transparency. Even heavily soiled and stained clothes come out looking fresh. This fragrance-free laundry liquid certainly cleaned well. Seventh Generation are a company with fine principles. Or some type of innovation would occur involving reducing or replacing SLES, the ingredient that causes the dioxane byproduct.Seventh Generation Free and Clear Laundry Liquid could try to reformulate, to get below the standard, which will also raise the cost. “There are processes out there that can remove 1,4-dioxane, at a high cost, so the cost of detergent will go up. Surfactant expert Brian Grady told us, “You’re going to see significant changes in because, to my knowledge, almost all of the detergents on the market today won’t pass the standards.” He mentioned a few possible consequences of the new bill. Although the detergent companies aren’t actively putting this contaminant into their detergents, it’s unfortunately a byproduct of their formulation process. For reference, according to the Citizens Campaign test results, detergents from brands like Tide, Gain, Persil, All, and Arm & Hammer all have 1,4-dioxane levels above the limit. It will be enacted by the end of 2022, banning sales of products with trace concentrations of 2 ppm or higher, and, by the end of 2023, 1 ppm or higher. In December 2019, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo signed a bill that would “prohibit the sale of cosmetic or cleaning products containing 1,4-dioxane.” The bill came as a result of contaminated drinking water (1,4-dioxane) in Long Island. Tide Ultra Stain Release was also rated Best for Most Tough Stains by Consumer Reports. But, like our other picks, Tide Ultra Stain Release did a respectable job on most of them. (It also performed better than any other detergent on carbon, but we didn’t count the results from that stain in making our pick because we don’t think it’s as meaningful as the others.) No single detergent came out on top for all of our homemade stains. Tide Ultra Stain Release bested the competition on most of the stain strip, removing the most sebum, cocoa, and blood, and it was second best at removing the wine (after Persil). (Ingredients aren’t printed on the bottle, but P&G lists them online.) In our testing, those extra enzymes produced visibly better results, which were also borne out by the colorimeter measurements. And Tide Ultra Stain Release has the greatest number of enzymes of any detergent that P&G makes, a company representative told us. Surfactant expert Brian Grady (who was a project engineer at Procter & Gamble, parent company of Tide, from 1987 to 1989) explained to us that detergent prices largely reflect the number of different enzymes in their formulas. (Powder can have an especially hard time dissolving in cold-water washes.) Liquid detergent can also be used directly for pretreating stains. If you have ever started a load of laundry, walked away, and come back to find clumps of powder detergent or an undissolved pod among wet, dirty laundry, you can probably appreciate how foolproof liquid detergent is. One of their big advantages is that, unlike powder detergent and pods, they’re pre-dissolved. Liquid detergents are popular for a variety of reasons. Procter & Gamble told us that, according to a Nielsen report of sales from 20, 73% of products in the laundry category are liquid, 20% are pods, and 7% are powders. Not only did they perform better than powders and pods in our last round of testing, but they also account for the majority of what’s sold. For this round of testing, we decided to focus solely on liquid laundry detergents. There are three main types of laundry detergent: liquid, powder, and pods (called “unit-doses” by the industry, they’re also known as “packs,” “discs,” “single-dose,” or “tablets”). |
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